Structure of Gardenia Blue Pigment and Its Inhibitory Activity on Monoamine Oxidase B / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the chemical structure of gardenia blue pigment and its inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase B （MAO-B）， in order to seek a potential feasible way for rational utilization and value enhancement of iridoids in Gardeniae Fructus. MethodIridoid glycosides in Gardeniae Fructus were hydrolyzed by cellulase to obtain their aglycones and reacted with amino acids. Then， the products were purified by column chromatography packed with D101 macroporous resin and preparative liquid chromatography to obtain gardenia blue pigments， and the gardenia blue pigments were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and mass spectrometry （MS）. Benzylamine was used as the reaction substrate of MAO-B and in vitro incubated with gardenia blue pigment monomers， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine the production of benzaldehyde for evaluating the inhibitory effect of gardenia blue pigments on MAO-B， the mobile phase was methanol （A） -50 mmol·L-1 potassium phosphate buffer （B， pH 3.2） （2∶3）， and the detection wavelength was 245 nm. ResultEight compounds of gardenia blue pigment A-H were synthesized and identified. In MAO-B inhibition test， compared with geniposide， the inhibitory activity of gardenia blue pigment D and E was significantly enhanced （P<0.05）. Compared with the 6β-hydroxygeniposide， the inhibitory activity of gardenia blue pigment G and H was significantly enhanced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. All the four gardenia blue pigments showed better MAO-B inhibitory activity than the prototype compounds. ConclusionGardenia blue pigment is a simple compound formed by one molecule of amino acid and one molecule of iridoid. Some gardenia blue pigments have better MAO-B inhibitory activity than the prototype compounds. The activity of gardenia blue pigment produced by different substrates is different， and the high-value gardenia blue pigment can be prepared based on experimental optimization， which can expand the application range of gardenia blue pigment and enrich the comprehensive utilization of iridoids from Gardeniae Fructus.

Two newly recorded species of plants in Jiangxi province / 中国中药杂志

Based on the investigation of wild medicinal plant resources in Dexing city, Jiangxi province, and the collected plant specimens, which were identified by taxonomy, two new record species of geographical distribution were found, which are Meehania zheminensis A. Takano, Pan Li & G.-H. Xia and Corydalis huangshanensis L.Q.Huang & H.S.Peng. The voucher specimens are kept in Dexing museum of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, the new distribution species were reported, which provides valuable information for further enriching and supplementing the species diversity of medicinal plant resources in Jiangxi province.

Investigation and application of Dendrobium resources in Qinba Mountains with a discussion on industrial poverty alleviation model / 中国中药杂志

The Dendrobium species are rare and endangered medicinal plants, and it is difficult to investigate their wild resources with conventional methods because of typical epiphytic herbaceous. We explored Dendrobium resources(include culture resource) of Qinba Mountains and the boundary Mountain area in Hubei, Chongqing using the methods of literatures and field investigation, and found that the cultural base of Dendrobium were profound in Qinba Mountains region. Furthermore, its germplasm resources of Dendrobium were established for the first time in Wanzhou Luotian town. In case the advantages of local rock resources and poverty alleviation demand, we have actively carried out the cultivating mode of Dendrobium which grow on rock, and the poverty alleviation model of local characteristic Dendrobium industry were established preliminarily. Our application case can provide reference for the mining and transformation of traditional Chinese medicine resources census results.

Research on recycling utilization model of by-products in Chinese materia medica resource industry / 中草药

The construction strategy of “Healthy China” requires that Chinese materia medica (CMM) resource industry must take the road of high quality development. CMM resource industry has not been got rid of extensive, polluted, and isolated island development model. Based on circular economic and super-cycle economic theory, the generation and causes of the by-products and rejected material of CMM resources and the deficiency of traditional treatment methods was analyzed to studie how to achieve high quality green development, invent the innovative modes of recycling of CMM by-products, and construct the super-cycle economic model system of efficient utilization of CMM resources. Finally, some strategies and suggestions are put forward to promote the recycling of CMM resources.

Research on trend of international trade in “Belt and Road” of Chinese materia medica resources based on import and encouraging international perspective / 中草药

“The Belt and Road” initiative has put forward new requirements for the development of international trade in Chinese medicine resources. In the new era, the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources needs to build a new pattern of all-round opening up. Based on the theory of national competitive advantage in international trade and the theory of regional spatial economy, this paper provides a theoretical basis for upgrading the natural import pattern of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs to the new mode of resource economy in the international layout of Chinese medicine resources. The market development of medicinal materials resources also promotes the transformation and upgrades of the domestic traditional Chinese medicine resources industry. Therefore, it is proposed that the international trade of Chinese medicine resources in the new era is an upgraded version of “import trade”. It is a measure for the cultivation and development of the international market of Chinese herbal resources and economy. It is also a strategy to promote domestic scientific and efficient utilization, and provide a theoretical and method basis for formulating the policy of international distribution and optimization of the utilization of new Chinese medicine resources.

Estimation of reserves of wild Dipsacus chinensis based on MaxEnt and ArcGIS model / 中草药

Objective To study the estimating reserves of wild Dipsacus chinensis and provide a new method for the Chinese materia medica (CMM) resource quantitative evaluation. Methods The major contributing factors for ecological distribution of developing potentiality medicinal plants of D. chinensis were screened on the GIS platform by using the MaxEnt model, and raster data of species density and individual biomass of D. chinensis were generated by MaxEnt model and patial interpolation technology based on the field survey data. Spatial quantitative analysis and assessment of the distribution of resources of D. chinensis was performed by using ArcGIS. On this basis, a reserves assessment model was formatted for sustainable utilization of CMM resources evaluation. Results The analysis showed that the distribution area of D. chinensis was about 3.34 × 105 km2 which was mainly distributed in Hengduan Mountains and the Qinghai Plateau southeast area, and resources reserves was about 3.08 × 107 kg. The results showed that more than 69.48% resources of D. chinensis was located in Sichuan Province, and the western Sichuan such as Aba, Ganzi, and Liangshan prefectures was the highly populated areas. According to that regional center into the surrounding showed a trend of decline, the overall characteristic of individual biomass geographic distribution showed an increased trend from the vertical plane of the Hengduan Mountains as interface to both sides. The results also indicated that seasonal temperature variation coefficient, annual average temperature range, and average rainfall in April were the dominant factors contributing to the underground biomass accumulation. While mean temperature in December, monthly average rainfall in July and August were negative correlated with the underground biomass accumulation. Conclusion This study provides strong data support for the development and utilization of new resources of wild D. chinensis, and helps to establish a new way to the visual quantitative evaluation of CMM resources.

Analysis on theory and mode of wastes reclamation in process of industrialization of Chinese materia medica resources / 中草药

With the rapid development of Chinese materia medica (CMM) industry, ecological problems brought by CMM wastes in the process of industrialization of traditional Chinese medicine have become increasingly serious. This article analyzes the pattern of CMM wastes resource utilization deeply based on the externality theory of economics, theory of circular economy and value innovation. It comes up with trinity comprehensive utilization mode, which is the combination of extensive low utilization mode, conversion efficiency utilization mode, and high value-added utilization mode. Finally it puts forward specific measures in the process of industrialization of CMM waste resources development technology and resources management value-added.

Design and implementation of data reporting system for Chinese materia medica resources survey / 中国中药杂志

The collection, summary and sharing of all kinds of survey data are one of the main tasks and achievements in the national census of Chinese materia medica resources organized and implemented by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a key link in the implementation of the national census of Chinese materia medica resources. Based on the client / server architecture, the data reporting system for Chinese materia medica resources survey has been established for reporting system application model of geospatial data service based on Web implementation, through the SOA framework, to achieve the data collection summary of the seven aspects of the local data configuration, data reporting, data verification, data reporting, PDA data import and export, APP data import, track instrument data import. The system services include the general investigation, the focus of investigation, specimen information, herbs sample information, market research, germplasm survey, traditional knowledge survey of these seven aspects of the 312 indicators of the report, serving the Chinese materia medica resource survey of field survey data collection and internal data collation. The system provides the technical support for the national census of Chinese materia medica resources, improves the efficiency of the census of Chinese materia medica resources, and is conducive to the long-term preservation of the data of Chinese materia medica resources census, the transformation and sharing of the results.

Design and implementation of mobile terminal data acquisition for Chinese materia medica resources survey / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, a data acquisition system based on mobile terminal combining GPS, offset correction, automatic speech recognition and database networking technology was designed implemented with the function of locating the latitude and elevation information fast, taking conveniently various types of Chinese herbal plant photos, photos, samples habitat photos and so on. The mobile system realizes automatic association with Chinese medicine source information, through the voice recognition function it records the information of plant characteristics and environmental characteristics, and record relevant plant specimen information. The data processing platform based on Chinese medicine resources survey data reporting client can effectively assists in indoor data processing, derives the mobile terminal data to computer terminal. The established data acquisition system provides strong technical support for the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources (CMMR).

Design and implementation of data checking system for Chinese materia medica resources survey / 中国中药杂志

The Chinese material medica resources (CMMR) national survey information management system has collected a large amount of data. To help dealing with data recheck, reduce the work of inside, improve the recheck of survey data from provincial and county level, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medical has designed a data checking system for Chinese material medica resources survey based on J2EE technology, Java language, Oracle data base in accordance with the SOA framework. It includes single data check, check score, content manage, check the survey data census data with manual checking and automatic checking about census implementation plan, key research information, general survey information, cultivation of medicinal materials information, germplasm resources information the medicine information, market research information, traditional knowledge information, specimen information of this 9 aspects 20 class 175 indicators in two aspects of the quantity and quality. The established system assists in the completion of the data consistency and accuracy, pushes the county survey team timely to complete the data entry arrangement work, so as to improve the integrity, consistency and accuracy of the survey data, and ensure effective and available data, which lay a foundation for providing accurate data support for national survey of the Chinese material medica resources (CMMR) results summary, and displaying results and sharing.

Design and implementation of Chinese materia medica resources survey results display system / 中国中药杂志

From the beginning of the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources in 2011, a large amount of data have been collected and compiled, including wild medicinal plant resource data, cultivation of medicinal plant information, traditional knowledge, and specimen information. The traditional paper-based recording method is inconvenient for query and application. The B/S architecture, JavaWeb framework and SOA are used to design and develop the fourth national census results display platform. Through the data integration and sorting, the users are to provide with integrated data services and data query display solutions. The platform realizes the fine data classification, and has the simple data retrieval and the university statistical analysis function. The platform uses Echarts components, Geo Server, Open Layers and other technologies to provide a variety of data display forms such as charts, maps and other visualization forms, intuitive reflects the number, distribution and type of Chinese material medica resources. It meets the data mapping requirements of different levels of users, and provides support for management decision-making.

Design and implementation of information management system for Chinese materia medica resources survey / 中国中药杂志

By means of the established Information Management System for Chinese materia medica resources survey, the national, provincial and county level organization, personnel and the implementation of the program of Chinese materia medica resources survey, and the survey team of medicinal plant investigation, photos, Chinese herbal medicine market survey, the traditional Chinese materia medica resources knowledge survey, germplasm resources investigation and the data collation and summary specimen have been realised. Throughout the whole working process of the fourth national Chinese materia medica resources survey, it is ensured that all data were no missing, no repeat, and well stored and managed. The Information Management System can improve the standardization degree of Chinese materia medica resources survey, and maintain the continuity.

Application of 3S technology in resources survey of medicinal plants / 中草药

The authors introduced the current situation of resources survey in Chinese materia medica (CMM) and 3S technology applied in the investigation of medicinal plant resources, summarized the applications in cultivars, wild widespread species, rare species of wild special ecological medicinal plant resources, and reserves estimation research by 3S technology in recent years. Presenting the hyperspectral remote sensing in CMM resources survey and reserves estimates for a case. More about the 3S technology was in medicinal plant suitability assessment application, but fewer were studies in terms of resource survey and estimating reserves. Most are concentrated in a large area of cultivated or wild species widely distributed species such as ginseng, licorice, saffron, and a few of several medicinal plants. Especially the application of rare species of wild medicinal plant resources investigation is still blank. With the launch of high-resolution satellite and development of hyperspectral remote sensing technology, making use of 3S technology on rare species of wild medicinal plant resources investigating is possible.

Study on estimating reserves of wild Seutellaria baicalensis in Inner Mongolia region based on 3S technology / 中草药

Objective: To establish the reserve estimation model, which can estimate the reserves of the wild Scutellaria baicalensis in Inner Mongolia region. Methods: Combined 3S technology with the traditional field survey methods, four habitat factors (vegetation type, altitude, rainfall, and temperature) have been selected as indicators for categorizing the habitat region of Inner Mongolia. According to the habitat suitability of wild S. baicalensis in Inner Mongolia region, stratified for each indicator, all indicators are divided into the most suitable, suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable four layers. Each layer in a simple random sampling method conducted field surveys. Results: Finally, the method and model to estimate the reserves in Inner Mongolia have been established. This model has been used to estimate the reserve of wild S. baicalensis in Inner Mongolia. The total number of wild S. baicalensis in Inner Mongolia is 19000 tons. Conclusion: It can provide an important parameter for the fourth national survey of Chinese materia medica (CMM) resources and the estimation of CMM resources based on 3S technology by multiple spatial scales model.

Suitable investigation method of exploration and suggestions for investigating Chinese materia medica resources from wetland and artificial water of Hongze Lake region / 中国中药杂志

According to the technology requirements of the fourth national survey of Chinese Materia Medica resources (pilot), suitable investigation method of exploration and suggestions for investigating Chinese Materia Medica resources was proposed based on the type of wetland and artificial water of Hongze Lake region. Environment of Hongze Lake and overview of wetland, present situation of ecology and vegetation and vegetation distribution were analyzed. Establishment of survey plan, selection of sample area and sample square and confirmation of representative water area survey plan were all suggested. The present study provide references for improving Chinese materia medica resources survey around Hongze Lake, and improving the technical specifications. It also provide references for investigating Chinese Materia Medica resources survey on similar ecological environment under the condition of artificial intervention.

Research and development of Chinese medicinal resources of elk and thoughts on its resources industrialization / 中草药

As a precious Chinese medicinal resource, the antler, bone, flesh, and blood of Elaphurus davidianus (elk) have been used in Chinese medicine for over 2 000 years. However, they had been out of use for more than 100 years since the deer was extinct in the wild in China. Nowadays, as the reintroduction of elk population in China, they have increased rapidly and aroused a great interest in studies on the protection and utilization of biological resources. Based on analysis of the development and conservation of the elk resources, the strategies of resources industrialization of elk biological resources were put forward. Firstly, the combination by development model of wild domestication and artificial breeding should be established. Secondly, basic researches on the rational utilization of the elk resources need to be carried out. Thirdly, a series of products originated from Milu resources should be developed. All these strategies could promote the resources industrialization of elk in agriculture, industry, commerce, health care products, food, cosmetics, and industrial processing equipment and technology of Chinese medicine. They could also guide and promote the comprehensive utilization and protection of elk biological resources for sustainable development.

Strategy and mode of resources circulating utilization for Chinese materia medica based on circular economy theory / 中草药

In recent years, Chinese materia medica (CMM) resources economy strongly grew with rapid development of society economy and gradual increase of health products consumption capacity, at the same time, many CMM resources deep processing enterprises were established. However, the producing pattern of most industries is the traditional mode of production with the industry characteristics of consumption of resources, low of efficiency and benefit, and high of waste emissions, which resulted in the demands for medicinal raw materials increased significantly and the medicine price raised, so the natural medicinal resources are going on the verge of exhaustion or shortage. The large scale economy has accelerated the depletion of natural resources and the replacement and compensation of resources production, which led to the generation of a huge amount of waste and environmental pressure. So how to reduce the resource consumption, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, reduce emissions, green growth, protect the ecological environment of the people has become the important problems. In this paper, based on the development status quo analysis of resources industrialization for CMM, the strategy and model of CMM resources circulating utilization has been discussed. The pattern and system of circulating utilization of CMM resources were tried to construct. These construction achievements would change the economic industry development mode and production mode of CMM resources, transform the style of economic increase of agriculture and industry of CMM. These would be contributing the achievement the mutual promotion, mutual coordination, healthy and rational circulation economy between the ecological and economic system.

Problems and outlook of quality evaluation of Chinese materia medica under guidance of modern scientific thinking / 中草药

The treatment and prevention effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) depend primarily on the quality of resources and decoction pieces, and the quality of Chinese crude drugs is mainly reflected in the genuineness, wildness, growing time, and product compliance. Now the quality of Chinese materia medica resources is evaluated by chemical index components identification in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, to some extent, evaluation criteria were standardized. However, the market with imperfect mechanism gave criminals an opportunity to manufacture counterfeit products. Remedy traditional methods should be combined with modern technology in order to promote the sound development of TCM health industry.